Artificial filament, yarn, or thread



H. DREYFUS 51' AL 1,996,796 ARTIFICIAL FILAMEN'I, YARN, OR THREAD Filed Sept. 4, 19.29 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 m. n. 1 m 1.. 55::

A ril 9, 1935.

1m n n @m m mmm M. .1. W n D mm LL mun April 9, 1935. H. DREYFUS El AL ARTIFICIAL FILAME NT, YARN, OR THREAD 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 4, 1929 I... m M, w M w fi M m Rm B mm m mmm wm 1m.

AI 1 D mm mLL .ments or threads are given a regular or sys- Patented Apr. 9, 1935 NITED E ARTIFICIAL -'1,996,796 7 I FILAMENT, YARN, on

; FATE Henry Dreyfus, London, William Alexander Dickie and William. Ivan Taylor,. Spondon', 1

near Derby, England, assignors to Celanese r Corporation of America, a corporation of Delal I .Ware 1 Application September 4,1929, SerialNo. 390,400 l In Great Britain September 13, 1928 riations in extrusion resulting in a correspond ingly varying denier, which variations may becur at any desiredintervals and. to any'desired degree, while, extending. any. desired amount along the length of the filaments orthreads.

The variation in extrusion may beefiected by suitably varyingth'e speed at whichthe spinning :pump is driven, or'by constructing the pump to ive, a variable. output. Itis important that the spinning solution follows 'a. short path from the pumps to thejets or nozzles, and that the conduit conducting the solution to each jet or nozzle is of a rigid character, in order to preventthe damping or absorption of the pulsations before the solution reaches the jet or nozzle;

All the jetsor nozzles, whetherin a. single metier or machine or in a seriesxof such, which are requiredto produce the same quality of filament are supplied with-spinning solution bysimilarly operating pumps lwhich produce thesame variable extrusionirom all'the jets or nozzles. The variationsindenierproduced according to the invention may appear at regular short or regular long intervals of length or'at'regularly varying intervals, and variations of different degree or extent, or both, mayappear at any desired intervals. Orone or more groups of irregularities may appear in regular sequence Orin: any desired order; or at any desired intervals. Thus, for, example one ormore short variations may alternate'with one or more longer variations, on

groups of short and long variations may alternate with shorter long variations or with other groups of shortand long variations, always with the object of producing a regular or systematic efiect from the alternating on periodically recurring irregularities: of denier of the filaments, yarns or threads. Or periodical irregularities forming groups of, for example, '2, '3, 4, 6" or 10 or more variations may occur on the filaments, yarns or threads, the groups alternating with each other or appearing in any desired order according to the efiect to beproduced.

It will be understood that where yarn or thread is iormedby the association of a' num-e ber of filaments all ofTwhich have a regular ire (Cl. 18-8). regularity in denier which is-the sameforall the filaments, the variations in the individual filaments may be arranged to producegby a cumulative effect a similar regular -irreg'ularity'in the denier of the yarn or thread formed therefrom-.;'

The Jyarns or-threads which "have received the regular irregularities as above described may be wound or twisted and-wound, for example -by means of p-spinninggdevices, .or centrifugal boxesre l U l The filaments of varying denier .may be formed into yarns, either alone orwtwisted or doubled with threads of other natural or'artificial filaments or fibres. Or they may be cut or reduced doubled with the same or.:ot her yarns to form any desired type of thread. I

Yarns or threads with irregular denieraccording 'to theinvention impart a'novel' efiect to fabrics or articles whollyior partly formed from/them, by reason of the differential efiect 'producedjby the variations, and this effect may, moreover, be enhancedwheni the fabricsor'articles are dyed, printed, or otherwise coloured,

because of the regular irregularity of denierof j the yarns or threads causing different penetration'of the dyestufi or other colouring matter to of colour efiects there-' be effected, a great variety by being produced- V I V The yarns or threads of varying denien'm'ay be applied to'thezproduction of fabrics or ar'- naturalor artificial'filaments or fibrea and'may be utilized to give an'y desired design or pattern. They. may be used, for example, infthe' warp and/or weft'in weavingoperationspin knitting;

operations, for example in the production of warp-knitted fabrics; in circular hosiery or other as a base cellulose acetate or othercellulose 'derivatives, such as cellulose formate, propionate, or butyrate, thiocarbamic or alkoxy-alkacyl esters of cellulose, methyl, ethyl or benzyl' cellulose, or the condensation products of cellulose [and glycols or other polyhydric alcohols, it applies likewise to filaments or threadsof varying I so no way limitative.

ployed incarrying' theinventionsinto eflcectv are 7 illustrated'in theaccompa'nying' drawings, but it is tobe understood thate-thefollowing descrip-a example only and is} in tion is givenby wayof In the drawings: 1 i Figs. l,- 2, and 3 illustrateoneform of apparatus, Fig. 2 being an endielevationlof theplan view shown in Fig. 1,- and-FigFS' a horizontal section of part of Figl. 1 Fig. 4 shows a pumpof the multi-cylinder type, arranged to iveca varyingldelivery' in accordance with the inventionhandr q 7 Fig. 15 shows diagrammatically the application :of' the numpshown in Fig. 4 to a plurality of pinningjet's; V V j In F1831, A is a shaft driven from any suitable source. of power, Bis: ashaft arranged to drive-anysuitable-number of pumps. indi- 'cates generallysearingby which the shaft B is driven from the shaft A, and D 'indic'atesone' of the nump'susv-ipinion flfisecured 'to'the'shaft A 'engagesL-a U freely mounted onthe shaftlB andconnected to a'disc l2- fromtheface-of which pro iects a pin l3; Apawl 2M pivotally mounted on the pin l3 heldin engagement with aratchet wheel by; means of aspring 1B, the'ratchet- Ewheel i5 beingsecured to the shaft B. ,;I'heshait "B can'thusbe drivenfromethe shaft A at a speed dependent on the ratio of :the gears l0 and H. 'A further pinion I 1 isTseeure'd to the shaft A and -meshe'siwitha gear 18f freelymounted on the t 'shait-B and iconnected to'a disc [9. A ratchet *wheellllfsecuredto the 'shaftB is arranged alongside the disc 19', a pawl 21 "mounted on apin 22 (projecting from the. face: of the disc (Subeing --adapted to'bebrought into engagement with the ratchet wheel 201'- Normally, however, a spring 123 acting on the tail '24tt'of thepawl 2t maintains the. pawl out of engagementiwith the ratchet Whee1-"' r T Aicamdiscii is mounted close to the ratchet wheel and is held against rotation by being secured-to any suitable fixed part 26 of the ap- -Daratus. A pin;v 21 projecting; from the tail 24' of the pawl 21.'ispressedagainst theperiphery -of1the-cam-Z5 bythe spring 23, so that as: the

- nawl His carriedroundthe ratchet wheelie by the. rotation pizthe disc ll-9, the pin? 21; rides up projectionsZill-Qf the cam disc 25; and causes the pawl to be brou ht i into engagement with V the ratchet -The. ratio :of the: gears ll, {8' is higher than that-oi the gears ill,v H, so that the pawl El-rotates, round the shaftB at a speed greater than the ratchetwheel l5. Thus, whenever the 'pawl is brought into engagement with Jihdratchet wheel 26, it causes' the shaft B to be rotatedat a greater speed during the engagement of the pawl with the-ratchet wheel.

Depending onthenumber and the length of variations are imparted t the shaft B, the drive through the gears N1 t being over-ridden when} eve]; the drive through the gears 1L l8 becomes 'eiiective. -:By thesemeans all the pumps D driven a member 41' secured in the housing 43.

l l denier. the cam-project ons 28. round-the disc 25- speed by the shaft B are caused to deliver spinning solution tothe' jets at varying rates in accordance with the form of the cam 25. By substituting other forms of cam various arrangements of varying denier may be effected;

Instead of the cam 25fbeingheld stationary,

it may be caused-'to rotate continuously or intermittently, preferably in a direction opposite to that of the-disc l9.

Referring newto -Fig. 4, the pump Showncon- 'sists' of'a plurality of plungers 4O sliding in cylinders 4| in a'barrel 42 which is rotated in a housing 43'. Projections 44 on the stems 45 of the plungerslfl engage a cam groove 46 formed round The camgroove 46 is given an irregular outline considered with respect to the axial direction of the pump; so' th'at the plungers are caused to move irregularly in. the cylinders 4|, the discharge stroke of each plunger'producing an irregular .flow-of'?'sp"'mning.tsolution to the "jet' o'r Jets, it 7 being preferred to'employ several jets in connec- -tion with each pumpi t 1 Fig. 5 shows a pump"48"of the type shown in ---F=ig, 4xsupplying spinning solution to' a number --of ;nozzles 49, the discharge outlet of the pump -being'con'n'ected .to a headers 50 communicating with pipesil leadin'gto the jets A9. "The nozzles supplied by each pump should be few in number --in order to; provides. short path for the spinning solution Pumps. having ayaryingoutput such as are described above may be usedain conjunction with pumps supplying spinning'solution to the jets at 'a regular rate, the variations injdenier being produced by the-superposition of the varying "output-from one pump upon the regular output :of the other pump. Similarly; two or ;more pumpsi'some or all offwhich'have a varying output may operate to supply spinning solution to oneorinorejetsr f ltwill' be understo'od that apparatus for the supply of spinning solution-such as described above is applicable to'both the dry-spinning and the wet-spinning processes of producing artificial filamentsorithre'ads. T I "The herein'describedprocess and zatpp'aratus -may--be employed in'conjunction with the process and apparatus described and elaimed in British applications Nos.- 26350/28and s7392/2awherein filaments or'threads ofwarying' denier are produce'cli by drawing the filaments or threads at varying line'ar speeds in the course of 'their production. V i

'What. we "claim and desire to secure by Letters '1 Apparatus-for the production of artificial silk comprising as'p'inning jet, a pump adapted to supplyspinning solution thereto, a pluralitypf alter pei 'iodic'ally 'the driving means in driving connection; whereby the pump is driven at a systematically varyingspeed so that thespinning solution is eiitrudedjfrom the spinning jetat a correspondingly varying speed to form filaments having a, corresponding systematic variation in V 2.-Apparatus for the production of artificial silk comprising a spinning jet, a pump adaptedto meansfor driving the pump at different "speeds,

:supplyspinning solution thereto, a plurality of V of said driving means and adapted to effect driving connection between said. driving means and the pump, and control means adapted periodically to release the ratchet gear of the driving means moving at higher speed, so that the pump is driven in turn by one or other of said driving means, whereby the pump is driven at varying speed, and. the spinning sohition is extruded from, 

